hagia sophia time period

I am a licensed TOUR GUIDE IN ISTANBUL. You were one of the few pages on my google search that actually gave this info! However, since it is a mosque, it is partially closed to touristic visits during prayer hours. This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 16831699. New York, In 1985 the Hagia Sophia was designated a component of a UNESCO World Heritage site called the Historic Areas of Istanbul, which includes that citys other major historic buildings and locations. For instance, Venice's Basilica of St Mark, begun in 1063, was based on the great Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople, now destroyed, and is thus an echo of the age of Justinian. However, from 6:30 onwards, the lights start to go out and the shops begin to close. When Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror conquered the Konstantiniyye (During the Ottoman period of ruling, following names used in Turkish for Istanbul:Konstantiniyye, Stanpolis, Dersaadet, Asitane), he converted it into his imperial mosque. [54] However, iconoclasm probably did not become imperial policy until the reign of Leo's son, Constantine V. The Council of Hieria, convened under Constantine in 754, proscribed the manufacture of icons of Christ. However, they wanted to preserve the rectangular basilica plan that had been traditional since the reign of Emperor Constantine, but to build a giant dome on top of it. Climate change is to blame. And, the Hagia Sophias 104 columns were imported from the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, as well as from Egypt. As of July 2022, Hagia Sophia does not completely close during prayer hours. Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine, is an architectural monument of Kyivan Rus.The former cathedral is one of the city's best known landmarks and the first heritage site in Ukraine to be inscribed on the World Heritage List along with the Kyiv Cave Monastery complex. Second, the dedication of Constantinople in 330 created a great new artistic centre for the eastern half of the Empire, and a specifically Christian one. ONCE A CHURCH, LATER A MOSQUE. Though the empire itself emerged from the decline of Rome and lasted until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453,[2] the start date of the Byzantine period is rather clearer in art history than in political history, if still imprecise. Masada is an ancient stone fortress in Israel, located high above the Dead Sea on a tall, rocky mesa. As far as I know, there is no other precaution other than this. What a pity that Hagia Sophia has ceased to be a place where anyone can enter and feel the beauty that God inspired to the architects as it has been for the last century, to become a place belonging to muslims while the rest of people will be the defeated ones in a battle that happened five centuries ago. Russian icon painting began by entirely adopting and imitating Byzantine art, as did the art of other Orthodox nations, and has remained extremely conservative in iconography, although its painting style has developed distinct characteristics, including influences from post-Renaissance Western art. wide open to all, whether they be foreign or local, Muslim or non-Muslim. Throughout history, Ephesus survived multiple attacks and changed read more, The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. It is completely closed during religious holidays. Hi Twiggy, thanks for your feedback on the blog. In addition, great importance was attached to the interior decorations of the Hagia Sophia Mosque during the Ottoman period. The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople.It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand Unusual for the period in which it was built, the names of the buildings architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus are well known, as is their familiarity with mechanics and mathematics. Alexander of Jerusalem was the first bishop of the province in the early to mid third century, a period in which Christians suffered persecution from the local Roman authorities. With its new status, Hagia Sophia, the shared heritage of humanity, will continue to embrace all in a much more sincere and original way.. After visiting Hagia Sophia, you can visit the adjacent Sultan Tombs free of charge. How can people plan a visit around all these restrictions? Particularly important in this regard are the original mosaics of the Palatine Chapel in Aachen (since either destroyed or heavily restored) and the frescoes in the Church of Maria foris portas in Castelseprio. Dedicated on March 29, 867, it is located 30 meters (almost 100 feet) above the church floor, notes University of Sussex professor Liz James in a 2004 article published in the journal Art History. As an exception, the Virgin and the Child mosaic in the main space is covered with a curtain. For example, the upper floor galleries of Hagia Sophia are still closed and visitors cannot see the mosaics there. The resultant Hagia Sophia was built in the remarkably short time of about six years, being completed in 537 ce. We are going to visit istanbul 24th of October and we are wondering what is the situation with lines and covid restrictions? The Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya in Turkish) was originally built as a basilica for the Greek Orthodox Christian Church. Christian mosaic art flourished in this area from the 4th century onwards. Secular texts were also illuminated: important examples include the Alexander Romance and the history of John Skylitzes. For a period in the 13th century, it was a Latin Christian church, but for most of the time it was a Christian church, it was a Byzantine Christian church. How was the Hagia Sophia altered during the Ottoman Period? Constantinople was also wracked by religious and political conflict. It was also an important site of Muslim worship after Sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 and designated the structure a mosque. Hagia Sophia mosaics are covered only during prayer times and are opened for visitors to see during the rest of the time. In order to get to the Hagia Sophia from Sultanahmet, it is enough to find well-known spots such as Sultanahmet Square or Sultanahmet Tram Stop. they may not be diverted from their original purpose; the appointed rules and principles may not be diminished; interference of any sort in the foundation You can find useful information about Hagia Sophia in the following lines. However, since the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia are mosques, they do not have the exact times as the museums. Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque again with a decision taken in 2020. An earthquake swarm which hit the Constantinople from May 7,558 to following the years 546 and 557 were destructive. For this reason, there is no longer a need to buy tickets at the entrance. Although the Byzantines regained the city in 1261, the Empire was thereafter a small and weak state confined to the Greek peninsula and the islands of the Aegean. Intense debate over the role of art in worship led eventually to the period of "Byzantine iconoclasm. This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 16831699. Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque again with a decision taken in 2020. The Hagia Sophias role in politics and religion remains a contentious and important one, even todaysome 100 years after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Research, repair and restoration work continues to this day and the Hagia Sophia is now an important site for tourism in Istanbul. While touring the Hagia Sofia I might cross myself spontaneously as it is a normal for me to do on a regular basis. As Nicaea emerged as the center of opposition under the Laskaris emperors, it spawned a renaissance, attracting scholars, poets, and artists from across the Byzantine world. [60] With the recapture of the capital under the new Palaeologan Dynasty, Byzantine artists developed a new interest in landscapes and pastoral scenes, and the traditional mosaic-work (of which the Chora Church in Constantinople is the finest extant example) gradually gave way to detailed cycles of narrative frescoes (as evidenced in a large group of Mystras churches). You can take Tram T1 from Kabatas Tram Station to Sultanahmet. It is 13 feet tall. In other words, architects can still visit Hagia Sophia and be inspired. Our connecting flight is at 6:15 AM next day (July 6th) so we have no time constraints in the evening. After the Turkish conquest of Constantinople in 1453, Mehmed II had it repurposed as a mosque, with the addition of a wooden minaret (on the exterior, a tower used for the summons to prayer), a great chandelier, a mihrab (niche indicating the direction of Mecca), and a minbar (pulpit). The most commonly illustrated texts were religious, both scripture itself (particularly the Psalms) and devotional or theological texts (such as the Ladder of Divine Ascent of John Climacus or the homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus). The crown of the dome rises 180 feet (55 meters) above the floor. As Turkeys most popular tourist destination, the Hagia Sophia remained open to visitors. Read More. Recent archeological discoveries in the 19th and 20th centuries unearthed a large group of Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East. It is still the biggest concrete dome of its type in the world (yes, the Romans perfected concrete 200BC). Major surviving examples include Hosios Loukas in Boeotia, the Daphni Monastery near Athens and Nea Moni on Chios. Hi Serhat, Great site very informative. [3] The art of Byzantium never lost sight of its classical heritage; the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, was adorned with a large number of classical sculptures,[4] although they eventually became an object of some puzzlement for its inhabitants[5] (however, Byzantine beholders showed no signs of puzzlement towards other forms of classical media such as wall paintings[6]). Most visited and wanted to visit museums are located in Istanbul, with more than 70 state and private museums uncovering a whole range of artifacts and offering the chance to explore the old city's rich history. The veneration of acheiropoieta, or holy images "not made by human hands," became a significant phenomenon, and in some instances these images were credited with saving cities from military assault. In addition, Hagia Sophia had a giant dome that the basilicas, the early churches, never had. The structure was burned to the ground in 404 A.D. during the riots that occurred in Constantinople as a result of political conflicts within the family of then-Emperor Arkadios, who had a tumultuous reign from 395 to 408 A.D. Arkadios successor, Emperor Theodosios II, rebuilt the Hagia Sophia, and the new structure was completed in 415. The Pantheon, on the other hand, has a dome 43 meters above the ground. During the visiting hours which area of the mosque can you visit. IT CONTINUED TO EXIST AS A MOSQUE DURING THE OTTOMAN PERIOD. Diyanet Hello, well thank you for the reply. Hello again Bastian. It was converted into a museum a year later, a decision which remains controversial. https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/hagia-sophia. 7- Hagia Irene Museum (Inside The Topkapi Palace Museum's First Yard). The mosaic above the Emperors Gate on the ground floor (Mosaic of Emperor Leo VI in the foreground in the above image) and the Mosaic of the Great Emperors (Constantine and Justinian) on the exit gate can be seen. Hello, Im going to have a layover in Istanbul for 9 hours from 6 pm can I visit Hagia Sophia/Blue Mosque after 6 pm? In this article, you can find the details you need to know when visiting Hagia Sophia. The mosaic on the main domebelieved to be an image of Christwas also covered by gold calligraphy. At this time, the Hnkr Mahfili (a separate compartment for emperors to use for prayer) was removed and replaced with another near the mihrab. Can we do Aya Sophia and The Blue mosque early morning on Sunday 1st May? colored stone mosaics, and the original ceiling mosaics of the 6th century with their floral and geometric motifs. The pendentives made it possible to place the dome over a square compartment, writes researcher Victoria Hammond, who describes the structure of the surviving Hagia Sophia dome, in a chapter of the book "Visions of Heaven: The Dome in European Architecture" (Springer, 2005). The presence of the two levels may mean that people were organized according to gender and class when services were held at the cathedral. This 1500-year-old historical monument is visited by an average of 3 million people annually. Byzantine Emperor Constantius commissioned construction of the first Hagia Sophia in 360 A.D. At the time of the first churchs construction, Istanbul was known as Constantinople, taking its name from Constantius father, Constantine I, the first ruler of the Byzantine Empire. This Council is generally considered the beginning of the period of the First seven ecumenical councils in the history of Christianity. The eighth season of Stargate SG-1, an American-Canadian military science fiction television series, began airing on July 9, 2004, on the Sci Fi channel.The eighth season concluded on February 22, 2005, after 20 episodes on British Sky One, which overtook the Sci Fi Channel in mid-season.This was the first season of the show to have 20 episodes instead of 22, as well as the Thanks for your advise, and really appreciate your offer to keep us updated if there is any updates. The tradition's most famous artist was El Greco.[61][62]. You can find the details in this article. On the other hand, if you had gone to the Blue Mosque during prayer, you could only see the courtyard and you would not be able to go to the indoor part. Two events were of fundamental importance to the development of a unique, Byzantine art. Two of his books, The Reckoning of Time and The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, used the A.D. system or a close variant and helped popularize its use. It is not possible for Hagia Sophia to be closed on weekends. Read our. [21], A number of important illuminated manuscripts, both sacred and secular, survive from this early period. There are tombs of princes and mausoleums of Sultan Selim II, Sultan Murad III, Sultan Mehmed III, Sultan Mustafa I, and Sultan Ibrahim whose reigns followed one another. As part of the conversion, the Ottomans covered many of the original Orthodox-themed mosaics with Islamic calligraphy designed by Kazasker Mustafa zzet. After its completion in the early 16th century, Seville Cathedral supplanted Hagia Sophia as the largest cathedral in the world, a title the Byzantine church had held for a thousand years. It would allow to get at least hopefully a glimpse. [28] Sarcophagi continued to be produced in great numbers. here have been set down in written form in the foundation charter in the manner appointed; the conditions may not be altered; the laws may not be amended; Islamic art began with artists and craftsmen mostly trained in Byzantine styles, and though figurative content was greatly reduced, Byzantine decorative styles remained a great influence on Islamic art, and Byzantine artists continued to be imported for important works for some time, especially for mosaics. Hello Neh, Grand Bazaar is open until 7:00 pm on Saturdays. Of course, if anything changes, I will try to update the article immediately. The Hagia Sophia and Byzantine city of Constantinople sacked and looted in April 1204 by the Venetians and the Crusaders on the Fourth Crusade which regarded as shocking betrayal amongst Christians. Aside from its main building, the cathedral includes an ensemble of supporting structures such as a bell Two solid marble cubes in the side aisles, which can receive an average of 1250 liters of liquid, were brought from the ancient city of Bergama For a period in the 13th century, it was a Latin Christian church, but for most of the time it was a Christian church, it was a Byzantine Christian church. Headscarves are available at the Hagia Sophia Mosque entrance without a fee. You can reserve your place in the guided tour from this link, You can make a reservation from this link, STREET FOOD TOUR in Istanbul (Self-Guided) 2022, Things to Do in FENER and BALAT (Istanbul) 2022, Rustem Pasha Mosque (Istanbul) Updated 2022, Private GUIDED TOURS in Istanbul (Updated 2022), Istanbul Toy Museum Price & Hours (Updated 2022). In July 2020, the Turkish Council of State and President Erdoan reclassified it as a mosque. And Without Waiting Long Hours in the Queue at the Ticket Boxes of Istanbul Museums. [29], A significant component of Justinian's project of imperial renovation was a massive building program, which was described in a book, the Buildings, written by Justinian's court historian, Procopius. It served as a center of religious, political, and artistic life for the Byzantine world and has provided us with many useful scholarly insights into the period. Modern-day visitors will note that the Hagia Sophia has two levels, the ground floor and a gallery above. The destruction by sack or subsequent neglect of the city's secular architecture in particular has left us with an imperfect understanding of Byzantine art. By the end of the seventh century, certain images of saints had come to be viewed as "windows" through which one could communicate with the figure depicted. Subsequently, supporting protests and strikes took place across Turkey, protesting against a wide range of concerns at the core The Hagia Sophia ( Greek: , Holy Wisdom) in Thessaloniki, Greece, is one of the oldest churches in the city still standing today. Byzantine Emperor Constantius commissioned construction of the first Hagia Sophia in 360 A.D. At the time was under Roman control for a brief period in the 13th century. Photography is allowed, however do not take pictures of people The protests were sparked by outrage at the violent eviction of a sit-in at the park protesting the plan. In fact, the answers to the questions about mosaics are already in the article. Is there any etiquette that visitors must observe? Do you know if Hagia Sofia will be open on 1st or 2nd May ? Bede became a monk who wrote prolifically, mostly history. Bosphorus cruises operate on that day. Traveling since 1997 | 13 years with kids. Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque again with a decision taken in 2020. You mentioned Hagia Sophia is open every day of the week. For some reason google says it is closed on Satruday and Sunday. Dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, the Parthenon sits high atop a compound of temples known as the Acropolis of Athens. Hello Thank you for the wonderfull information page! As the most iconic example of Byzantine architecture, the Hagia Sophia shows off the engineering prowess of the Byzantines with its series of domesthe minarets are an Ottoman addition not part of the original design. "[53] Sporadic outbreaks of iconoclasm on the part of local bishops are attested in Asia Minor during the 720s. His son, Constantius II, consecrated it in 360. I dont think there will be a change in the visiting hours of Hagia Sophia and Blue Mosque on May 1. Matthews, Owen (2015). The Hagia Sophia is a domed monument built as a cathedral and is now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. He commissioned renowned architects Isidoros (Milet) and Anthemios (Tralles) to build a new basilica. (mosaic in Hagia Sophia, By that time, the accumulation of errors in the Julian solar and lunar calendars had made it the de facto state of affairs that Julian Easter always followed Hebrew Nisan 14. During the tram ride, you will see touristic places such as Galata Bridge and Spice Bazaar. The structure originally erected on the site of the Hagia Sophia was a Christian cathedral called the Megale Ekklesia, which was commissioned by the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine I. Frankly, a lot has changed about the procedure for visiting Hagia Sophia since it turned into a mosque, and I havent been able to follow the details much in the last few weeks. The new sections include mosaics executed in a remarkably abstract style. Hello Serhat. His time in Constantinople was more tumultuous than his time in Antioch. Greetings from Amsterdam, Bastian. Thanks for your reply. The story of the construction of the Hagia Sophia began in A.D. 532 when the Nika Riots, a great revolt, hit Constantinople. The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey (2008) (all images by the author unless otherwise noted) I remember the first time I saw Hagia Sophia.It was almost too much to take in: the towering minarets. during the reign of Sultan Murad III. Nevertheless, the Christian cathedral made a strong impression on the new Ottoman rulers and they decided to convert it into a mosque. All Rights Reserved (2015-2022) - By Serhat Engul. The central or Imperial Door was reserved for the use of the emperor and his attendants, and provides the most perfect approach to the interior of the church.. The best time to visit Hagia Sophia is 3 hours after it opens at 09:00 in the morning. [48], Important works of luxury art from this period include the silver David Plates, produced during the reign of Emperor Heraclius, and depicting scenes from the life of the Hebrew king David. However, the Grand Bazaar is an exception. 40,514 full-time clerics, including 35,677 presbyters and 4,837 deacons: Parishes: 38,649 (2019) Dioceses: Hagia Sophia. The piers on top of which the structure was being built, unable to bear the mass that was pressing down on them, somehow or other suddenly started to break away and seemed to be on the point of collapsing writes Procopios (translation republished on Columbia Universitys website). NON-MUSLIM TOURIST VISITING ETIQUETTE FOR HAGIA SOPHIA. However, we see that this rule is not applied with a strict discipline in Hagia Sophia. In this work a perfect master has displayed the whole of the architectural science, wrote Ottoman historian Tursun Beg during the 15th century (translation from Piltzs book). Do you know if the upper gallery is still closed (as of October 2022)? As the most iconic example of Byzantine architecture, the Hagia Sophia shows off the engineering prowess of the Byzantines with its series of domesthe minarets are an Ottoman addition not part of the original design. When it was first constructed, Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine art comprises the body of Christian Greek artistic products of the Eastern Roman Empire,[1] as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. Hagia Sophia opening hours are between 09:00 in the morning and 23:00 in the late evening as of 2022. Bede became a monk who wrote prolifically, mostly history. You can make a reservation from this link to take a guided tour of Hagia Sophia. The original church to occupy the site (called the Megale Ekklesia) was commissioned by Emperor Constantine I in 325, razed during a riot in 404, later rebuilt, and destroyed once again in 532 before Justinian commissioned the building that exists today. [59] Certain churches built outside of the empire during this period, but decorated in a figural, "Byzantine," style, may also bear witness to the continuing activities of Byzantine artists. There are records of Byzantine artists working in the West, especially during the period of iconoclasm, and some works, like the frescos at Castelseprio and miniatures in the Vienna Coronation Gospels, seem to have been produced by such figures. Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the bishop of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey).As the traditional "overseer" (, episkopos, from which the word bishop is derived) of the first gentile Christian community, the position has been of prime importance in Pauline Christianity from its earliest period.This diocese is one of the few for which the names Since Blue Mosque is the most visited historical monument by tourists, Hagia Sophia can also be visited. Thanks so much Serhat, for the prompt and detailed reply. A wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Turkey began on 28 May 2013, initially to contest the urban development plan for Istanbul's Taksim Gezi Park. 40,514 full-time clerics, including 35,677 presbyters and 4,837 deacons: Parishes: 38,649 (2019) Dioceses: Hagia Sophia. Keep up the good work Serhat. I dont think there will be any restrictions on visiting mosques such as Hagia Sophia and Blue Mosque on 1 May. The church of Hagia Sophia in Thessaloniki was also rebuilt in the late 8th century. 12- Adam Mickiewicz Museum (Historic house museum dedicated to the life of Adam Mickiewicz, renowned Polish poet). First settled in the seventh century B.C., Constantinople developed into a thriving port thanks to its prime geographic location between Europe and Asia and its natural harbor. However, Hagia Sophia has become a mosque now and I am giving information about how to visit under current conditions. The Apse Mosaic in the Hagia Sophia shows the Virgin Mary holding baby Jesus. However, I cant say anything because the visiting hours change from year to year. You can visit below state museums with Istanbul pass which offered by city culture and tourism department. Hagia Sophia is not, in fact, the only name that the structure has gone by. Thus, Istanbul's Hagia Sophia was not only converted into a mosque but also this common heritage of humanity was preserved and improved. The story of the construction of the Hagia Sophia began in A.D. 532 when the Nika Riots, a great revolt, hit Constantinople. Luxury products from the Empire were highly valued, and reached for example the royal Anglo-Saxon Sutton Hoo burial in Suffolk of the 620s, which contains several pieces of silver. It would remain a mosque until being converted into a museum in the 1930s. Updates? Sultanahmet is also the place where traditional Turkish cuisine is best represented in Istanbul. Many Eastern Orthodox states in Eastern Europe, as well as to some degree the Islamic states of the eastern Mediterranean, preserved many aspects of the empire's culture and art for centuries afterward. Masterpieces Of Roman, Byzantium And Ottoman Architecture; The City Of Ancient Empires; ISTANBUL!!. Byzantine Emperor Constantius commissioned construction of the first Hagia Sophia in 360 A.D. At the time was under Roman control for a brief period in the 13th century. Judges decided that as the Hagia Sophia was owned by the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Khan Foundation / Waqf, the government did not have the right to change its status. Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine, is an architectural monument of Kyivan Rus.The former cathedral is one of the city's best known landmarks and the first heritage site in Ukraine to be inscribed on the World Heritage List along with the Kyiv Cave Monastery complex. In this case, the Christ Pantocrator (Deesis), the Komnenos Family Mosaic and finally the Empress Zoe Mosaic cannot be seen. Hello, thank you for putting together such an informative page! At the time Emperor Justinian I had been ruler of the empire for five years and had become unpopular. It would have been nice if Hagia Sophia was also open till late. From its opening, the third and final Hagia Sophia was indeed a remarkable structure. The sunlight emanating from the windows surrounding its lofty cupola, suffusing the interior and irradiating its gold mosaics, seemed to dissolve the solidity of the walls and created an ambience of ineffable mystery, she writes. Constantine devoted great effort to the decoration of Constantinople, adorning its public spaces with ancient statuary,[15] and building a forum dominated by a porphyry column that carried a statue of himself. Subsequently, supporting protests and strikes took place across Turkey, protesting against a wide range of concerns at the core Hello, you need to visit Hagia Sophia with a mask. Masterpiece Of The History Of Architecture: The Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque / Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i erifi, with its innovative architecture, rich history, religious significance and extraordinary characteristics has been fighting against time for centuries, was the largest Eastern Roman Church in Istanbul. The most important surviving monument of this period is the obelisk and base erected by Theodosius in the Hippodrome[18] which, with the large silver dish called the Missorium of Theodosius I, represents the classic examples of what is sometimes called the "Theodosian Renaissance". Subsequently, supporting protests and strikes took place across Turkey, protesting against a wide range of concerns at the core It collapsed about two decades later and it fell to a man named Isidore the Younger to build a new domed roof. The original dome of Hagia Sophia was 49 meters, and when it was destroyed in the earthquake in 558, it was built for the second time as 56 meters. No major changes were made in terms of architecture. Your email address will not be published. administrate religious activities, while the latter continue to administer conservation and restoration projects, and the management of relics contained within the mosque. When locals go to Hagia Sophia for worship, they can enter late. This is a fantastic option to see some of the ICONIC LANDMARKS in the whole of Istanbul and youll receive plenty of background information on each location to enlighten you.

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